VI. THUTHLUNGTHAR AN RAK POMDAN DWTDAWT

 

A tui kan hmanmi Thiuthlungthar Pathian Thuthianghlim hi ziangtin cabu pakhat ah an rak tuah ih Pathian thawkkhummi a si ti ziangtin an rak pom ti kan zoh fiang hnik pei.  Ziangtin Thuthlungthar an Pathian thawkkhummi asi ti an rak pomnak kan zohhlan ah Pathian thutak in dodalnak a rak tonmi pawl kan zoh hmaisa ding.

 

A.     Thuthlungthar cabu pom le kenkawh a si nak dingah a dal tu pawl

1.      Thuthangttha cu a hmaisa ah kaa in rak simmi a si.

Jesu a thih le a thawhsal hnu ah a dungthluntu pawl cu thuthangttha kenkawh tu an rak si. An theihmi thuthangttha cu an kaa in anmah rori in an sim ruangah Thuthangttha cabu an rak ttul tuk lo tluk a si. Cuticun AD 60 tiang hrawngahcun Thuthangttha cu cabu ah ngan ttul ciamco tuk hrih lo in a lang. Ziangruangah tiule Jesu rundam tu kha mit ih hmu tu le a thu rak dawngsawngtu rori an damlai ih anmah in  thuthangttha cu an sim sawng vivo tikah cabu an ttul tuk lo ah a cang.  Asinan a dunthluntu pawl cu kumkhua leitlunah an nung thei ve lo vekin Jesu in an hnenah thuthangttha a zirhmi le a theihter mi pawl kha a ra lai dingmi milai pawl hrangah cabu ah tuah in ret tthat a ttul.

A duntluntu pawl san laiah ca in si loin kaa ih sim hi an rawngbawlnak bik a rak si. Thuthlunghlunn san lai ihsin ca ngan tu le dan thiam pawlin Jews nunphung le sakhua daan pawl cu mipi hnenah kaa rori in phuang in an rak zirh awk ttheu dan tlangpi a si.  Ewert in Jews pawlin ziangtin an nunphung le sakhua thuanthu pawl an rak zirh aw in an sim aw sawng timi thu a simnak ah hitin a sim:  Jews miphun pawlin ca ih nganmi siar hnakin an zirh tu pawlin an thu le hla pawl cu zohloin (byheart) an thei thluh ih cuticun mipi tawn khawm awknak ah an rak zirh awk ttheu mi a si.  Cuticun zokhal an nunphung le sakhua thu le hla a thei duh tu pawlcun an hruaitu pawl zirhmi cu an thinlung sung ah thei thluh thei dingin an rak zuam awk bik mi a si. Cuvek thotho in Thuthangttah khal kha milai kaa in an rak sim ih an rak zirh sawng aw vivo a si ti cu el ding a um lo.

     Asinan Khrih dungthluntu pawl an thih hnu, AD kumzabi pakhat lole pakhat leh a hrek hrawngihsin Thuthlungthar cabu ngan mi pawl kha an rak ngaihven thawk in an hawl suak vivo. Ziangruangah tile Jesu kha mit rori in a hmu tu le a kai rak thluntu pawl an um nawn lo tikah a dungtlun tu pawlin kawhhran pawl hnenah thuthangtha an rak sim mi le ca an rak kuat mi pawl kha an finkhawi vivo sal. Cuticun, Thuthangttha pali pawl kha Jesu'I rawngbawlnak ca ngannak a si vekin zumtu, Jesu Khrih kha mitin a rak hmu ban nawn lo tu pawlin Khrih thu le a zirhnak thu an zirnak ah le a dungthlun tu pawlih ca ngan mi pawl kha kawhhran haihruai awknak, nunnak thlakthleng awknak le an zumnak ih lamhruai tu ah an hmang.  

2.      Kawhhran zumtu pawl kha Mediterinean ram tthen pawl ah an dard aw

        Thuthlunghlun san laiih Jews pawl vek si loin AD kum zabi pakhatnak ih zumtu, khristian pawl cu hmuntin le ramtina h an rak darh aw celcel. Curuangah Thuthangttha cabu le a dungthlun tu pawl cakuat ngan mi pawl khan kawhhran tin a fansuak nak dingah tikcu rei zet a duh ttheu. Ziangruangah tile kha lai ah casutnak khawl ttha ttha an rak neih lo ruangah cakuat le cabu pawl kha duhzatzat awl ai ten suah lawk a rak theih lo. Curuangah hmun hrekkhat ah Thuthangtha bu hrekkhat a thlengih hmun hrekkhat ah a dang hrekkhat lawng a thleng ttheu.  Cuticun Thuthlungthar bu 27 pawl hi hmun hrekkhat ah cun khuimi pawl hi Pathian thawkkhummi thuthangttha an si ding tiah an rak el awk ttheunak a si. Hmun tthenkhat ih kawhhran misa hrekkhat pawlin cabu hrekkhat pawl hi voi tam deuh an rak siar ngah ih a dang zumtu hrekkhat pawlin bu dung pawl kha voi tam deuh an rak siar ngah ttheu.  Curuangah hmun khat le hmun khat zumtu pawllakah an ngainat cuangmi le an theih nal cuang mi Pathian thu kha a rak bang aw lo. Thuthlungtha bu 27 pawl hi a rak hmu hmaisa bik tu pawlin Pathian thawkkhummi Thuthianghlim a si tiah an rak pom cio nan vio le khat ah a bu 27 ten kawhhran pakhat le khua pakhat ah a rak thleng thei loih khua pakhat lekawhhran pakhat in bu hrekkhat kha Pathian thawkkhummi vekin an rak pomih an rak siar lai ah khaw dang le hmun dangih a ummi zumtu khristian unau pawl cun  bu dang pawl kha an rak hmu ih Pathian thawkkhummi tiah upat nak thawn an rak hmang. Cui tlunah an san lai ah lamzin pehtlaih awknak tthat lo ruang khalah khua pakhat le pakhat ih a ummi zumtu unau pawl kha ziangvek cabu pawl kha Pathian thawkkhummi Thuthianghlim tikah Thlarau in a theihter hai ti thu an thei aw lohli thei lo ttheu. Cutikah kawhhran pakhat le pakhat hnenah Thlarau Thianghlim theihternak vekin Pathian thutak an co mi hlawm awknak ah khu a tlai ttheu. Cuticun tikcu ziangmawzat sung a hmuntin le ram tin a feh suak hnu ah tui kan hman mi Thuthlungthar cabu 27 pawl hi Pathian thawkkhummi thuthianghlim a si tiah an rak pom.  Kum zabi 4 AD hrawngahcun zianghman el awk ding um loin tui kanhman mi Thuthlungthar bu 27 cu Pathian thawk khummi thuthlainghlim  asi tiah an rak pom thelpthlep.

 

B.     Thuthlungtha bu 27 pawl kha Pathian thawkkhummi thuthianghlim an si tiah nemhnget dingah le tehfung thawn khuimi cabu pawl kha Pathian thawkkhummi an si ti zohfel a ttulnak thu

1.      Thuthlunghlun a um

Thuthlunghlun kha famkim zetin cekfel, kilkhawi, finkhawi le kenkawh a siih Greek tong tiangah an leh tlunah khawm awknak tinah Pathian  thu vekin an hman ttheu ruangah Thuthlungthar khal vuvekin tuah a ttul ve a si tiah kawhhran mi le sa pawlin an rak thei. Kawhhran thawh pek te ihsin thuthluhnghlun cu kawhhran thuthianghlimbu a rak si. Thutthimnakah, Peter in thu a sim tikah a hman mi cang 27 sungah cang 20 cu Thuthlunghlun sung ihsin a lakmi an si (Dung. 2:14-40). Cuvek thotho in Paul in Antioch ah thu a sim tikah cang 26 a simmi sungah cang 9 cu Thuthlunghlun siung ihsin a lakmi a si. Cuticun kawhhran hram thawh pek te ihsin Thuthlunghlun cu kawhhran hruai awknak ah an hmanmi Pathian thuthianghlim bu a si ti kan thei thei. Curuangah Pathian in a fapa Jesu Khrih hmang in mailai hnenah thuthangtha a tarlangmi le Khrih dungthlun tu pawl hmangin Pathian thuthianghlim milai hnenah Pathian in a theihter mi pawl cu cabu pakhat le leitlun ro thil vekin ret tthat a ttul a si tiah kawhhran hurai tu pawlin an rak thei.

2.      Mipi in Thuthluingthar kha  kawhhran ah an rak hmang

        Kawhhran a thawh pek te ihsin khawm awknak ah Thuthlung sungih daan le kamsang pawl cangan mi an siar vekin Thuthlungthar pawl kha an siar ttheu.  Thutthimnak ah, Paul khalin kawhhran hnenah ca a kuat mi kha an hmin a tarlangmi kawhhran pakhat lawng si loin zumtu unau dang pawl hnen khalah siar ter vivo dingin thu a cah hai (I The.5:27). Cun Kolosian pawl hnenah ca a kuat mi kha Laodician ih a um mi zumtu unau pawl khal siar ter ve dingin thu a cah hai (Kl. 4:16; Thu.1:3).

            Cuticun Thuthlungthar cabu pawl kha Pathian thawkkhummi thuthianghlim an si ti an theih tikah Thuthlunghlun pawl thawn hmunkhatah an ret hai. Cule kawhhran tinte in anmah te cauk neih cio an duh ih an neih hrih lo mi khal an hawl khamih Pathian thawkkhummi thuthianghlim a si ti  an theihmi pohpoh cu khawng khawmin hmunkhat an ret khawm.  Cuticun kawhhran pakhat cio in anmah le thuthianghlim bu cio cu an rak nei (II. Pet.3:15-16).

3.      Marcion ih Thuthianghlim bu tehfung

      Kum zabi pahnih le a hrek (2 1/2 AD) hrawngah Aisa ram tthen hi Pontus (Tulai san ih Turkey) khua ah Marcion timi sakhua lam fehsual pa a rak um. Amah hi Jews daan pawl duh lo tu a rak siih Thuthlunghlun le Thuthlungthar hrekkhat pawl kha tanta in amai duhzawng cabu pawl lawng kha a lak kkhawmih amai duhzawng Thuthianghlim cabu hran te a rak tuah. Marcion cun Thuthkunghlun Pathian le Thuthlungthar Pathian cu an rbang aw thei lo a si tiah a rak ti. Paul lawng kha Khrih dungthluntu pawl lakah mi rinum a siih mi dang pawl cu lalpai zirhnak pawl kha an feh sual pi a si tiah a ti. Cule Luke khal hi Jews pawl ih nunphung le sakhuia daan ihsin a luat bik mi a si vekin a ca ngan mi pawl cu a pomsak. Curuangah Paul cakuat ngan mi (I & II Timothy siar lo) le Like ih ngan mi cabu pawl lawng kha Thuthianghlim tiah a rak pom (AD. 140 ih a tehfung vekin). Cuticun a duh lo zawng hmuahhmuah cu a  Pathian thutak tiah a pommi sungihsin a hlawn thluh Luke Thuthangtah sungih Thuthlunghlun thawn a peh par aw mi, John tihnimtu ih rawngbawlnak, Jesu in thlemnak a tuarnak thu pawl kha cubu sungihsin a hlawn hai.  Cuvek thotho in Kalatian cakuat sungih 3:6-9, 15-25 pawl khal kha Abraham le Jews daan thu pawl a tel ruangah Pathian thuthianghlim sungah a telh duh lo. Cuitlunah Rom cakuat sungih Isreal pawl thuanthu umnak pawl kha a hlawn hai ih amai duhzawng te lawng kha khawn khawm in ca bu hran te a tuah.

    Marcion in cuvek in thil a rak tuah ih Pathian thutak a rak lak tthen kha thilttha lo zet asinan khatlamah kawhhran pawl kha an pommi thuthianghlim bu pawl kha felfaiten finkhawi  dingin tha a rak  pe sawn. Marcion in cutin Pathian thutak a lak tthen hlan ah kawhhran khrihfa zumtu pawlin ziang cabu pawl kha Pathian thawkkhummi an si ti an rak thei thluh zo. Asinan cuvekin Marcion a lak tthen tikah mi hrekkhatr an lung a buai ih kawhhran in an Thuthianghlim kha felfai ten an tehfung thawn an zohtthat ih an kilkhawi tthat a tul a si ti an thei Curuangah kawhhran pawl in Pathian Thuthianghlim tiah an pom mi pawl kha  tthaten an kenkawh ih zianghman rin hlelhnak le thinnuam lo nak um loten Pathian thuthianghlim cu an zumnak le sakhua biaknak lam hruai tu dingah an finkhawi a ttul.

4.      AD kum zabi 2,3, le 4 hrawngah ca ngan mi phunphun a suak vivo

       Mi hrekkhat ca ngan tu pawlin an sakhuanak lam ih anmai mimal zumnak le ruahnak pawl kha a dungthluntu pawl hmin a si lole mi pakhatkhat hmin hmangin ca an nganih kawhhran zumtu khristian unau pawl lakah khui mi bik hi Pathian thawkkhummi thuthianghlim an si ti theihtheih lo ding khawpin ca ngan mi a phunphun an nawk celcel. Curuangah zumtu zovek khalin thutak an thleidan thei nak dingah le rinhlelhnak um loin an nunnak lamhruai tu ah an hman thei nak dingah kawhhran Pathian thawkkhummi Thuthianghlim cabu pawl kha finkhawm in a kilkhawi tthat a ttul. Culai ah an hnuailam ih can ngan mi pawl hi an lar zet:

a.       Ecclesiastical cabu pawl

i.                     Epistle of Barnabas (AD. 79) (Barnabas ih cakuat0

ii.                   First Epistle of Clement (AD. 79) Clemment ih cakuat pakhatnak)

iii.                  Shepherd of Her,man (AD.115-140)

iv.                 Didache (100-120) Teaching of the Twevle (Hleihnih pawl zirhnak)

v.                   The second Epistle of Clement ( AD.120-140), (Clement ih cakhuat pahnihnak)

vi.                 Apocalpse of Peter (AD.150) , (Peter  Thupuan)

vii.                The Act of Paul (AD. 170) Paual ih tuahnak)

b.      Midang hminhmang in thuanthu lem ngan mi pawl

        Midang hminsang ih ca ngan mi pawl hi AD zabi pahinhnak ihsin pali karlakah an lang tamzet. Hivek ca an ngannak san cu a thlangpi thu in thu pahnih a um. A pakhatnakah, Jesui nunnak, rawngbawlnak le thuanthu pawl hi Thuthianghlim sungah a famkim in ngan thluh a si lo ruangah a thei bet tu tu an um ding tia ruat in mi hrekkhat in  ca an rak ngannak a si. Anmai suangtuahnak pawl kha thudik vekin mi pakhatkhat hmin hmang in thuanthu an rak phuah ih an rak ngan ciam co. A pahnihnakah, an sakhua lam thu an zumnak le an ruahnak pawl kha mi thlunter le zirh an duh ruangah  Jesui zirhmi a dungthluntu pawlin an nganmi vekin a dungthluntu pawl hminsang in ca an rak ngannak a si.

    Harrison in a sim dan cun, kawhhran pawl cu cu vek ca ttha lo lak ihsin an ralring  zet.  Origen cun " Kawhhran pawl cun Thuthangttha ( Jesui thu hla le zirhnak pawl ngannak) buli kan neiih fehsual (heretics)pawl cun bu tampi an nei" tiah a rak sim( AD. 185-254).

      Hivek ca ngan tu pawl thinlung le ruahnak a rak luat tu ruahnak pakhat cu Gnosticism (Theihnak cu ziangkim a si timi ruahnak ihsin a suak mi fehsuaknak), Dualism (Pathian cu a thianghlim ih leitlun le tisa cu a bawrhhlawh a si timi ruahnak ihsin ruahnak sual a suak mi) pawl ihsin a suak mi ruahsualnak a si. Pathian cu a thianghlim ih leitlun le tisa cu a thianghlim lo ruangah pathian cu tisa thawn dai aw thei le hnawmhnawih aw thei a si loih theihnak lawng in rundamnak kan co thei tiah an zum. Curuangah Jesu ih pathian sinak khal an pom loih  milai rundamnak thu khalah Khrih in a zirh lo mi vekin lamzin dang pi in an zum.

     Hivek zirhnak pawl hin khristian thurin tlangpi pawl cu an hnawngih milai sinak, sual le rundamnak thu pawl an zirhnak khalah Baibal in a zirhmi pawl a kalh thluh.  Curuangah kawhhran in hivek zirhnak pawl hia do a tulih zumtu pawl cawkbuai lo dingin a thiarfihlim thei a tul.

   Pseudepigrapha (Phuahcawp ca ngan mi pawl):

1.      Phuahcawp Thuthangttha pawl (Gospel)

i.                     Thimas ih thuthangttha      

ii.                   Peter ih thuthangtta

iii.                  Hebrew thuthangttha

iv.                 Bartholomwe ih thuthangtha

v.                   Egyptian pawl thuthangtha

vi.                 Protevengel of James

vii.                Arabic Gospel of the Birth

viii.              Philip ih Thuthangtha

ix.                 Thutak thuthangttha

x.                   Dungthluntu hleihnih thuthangttha

xi.                 Nicodemuc thuthangttha

xii.                Mathias thuthangttha

xiii.              Thomas Athelte ih cabu

 

2.      Acts (Tuahnak pawl)

i.                     The Acts of John (John ih tuahnak)

ii.                   The Acts of Piter (Peter ih tuahnak)

iii.                  The Acts of Andrea (Andrea ih tuahnak)

iv.                 The Acts of Thomas (Thomas ih tuahnak)

 

3.      Epistles ( Cakuat pawl)

i.                     A dungthluntu pawl cakuat

ii.                   Laodicean pawlih cakuat

iii.                  Koriantian pawlin Paul hnenah ca an kuat mi

iv.                 Paul le Seneca ca an kuat awkmi

v.                   Khrih le Abgar ih cakuat

4.      Apocalypses ( Thupuan pawl)

I Apocalypse of Paul ( Paul thupuan)

     ii. Apocalypse of Thomas (Thomas thupuan)

 

5.      Diocletian

    Rome uknak hnuaiah khristian pawlin hremnak  an rak tuar ttheu nan Diocletian sanlai ah khristian Thuthianghlim cabu pawl hmuahmuah kha siatsuah thluh dingin thu a rak pek tikah khristian pawlin hremnak harsazual an rak tong (AD.303). Caesarea khua ih Eusebius in hitin a rak sim (AD.263-340)

  "Diocletian ih lalkum kum 9 nak March thla ah lal thuasuah a suah ih biak in pawl kha siatsuah thluh ding, thuthianghlim ngannak cabu pawl khal meisa ah ur thluh ding, kawhhran upa ttuan pawl khal zianghman canvo an nei thei lo ding, cuitlunah mai insangih a um men pawl khal an khristian sakhuanak an tlansan loa si le nasa zetin hremnak an tuar ding."  Cumi lal tuahsuah a suak hnu rei lo te ah kawhhran upa pawl hmuahhmuah thawng inn ah thlak ttheh ding ti mi thusuah a suak lala. Cule thawng inn sungih an um laiah an khristian sakhuanak tlansan dingin a phunphun in hrem an si ding tiah an thusuah cun a sim bet.

          Cuvek dinhmun ruangah khawhhran zum tu pawlin Pathian thawkkhum mi Thuthianghlim kha tthaten retin  lalsual pawlin an siatsuah thei lo nak dingah finkhawi ding mawhphurhnak an nei.

 

C.     Thuthlungthar pawl kha Pathian thawkkhummi Thuthianghlim a si ti an theihtheinak thu tlangpi pawl:

I.        Pathian thawkkhummi Thuthianghlim pawl an thlir dan tlangpi

        Kum zabi pahnihnak (AD.) hnu lam ahcun Thuthlungthar cabu pawl kha Pathian thawkkhummi vekin kawhhran upa pawlin an hmangih an ca ngannak le Pathian thu an simnak ah an hamng thluh cio. A hnuailam ih ca ngan mi pawl ah hin Thuthlungthar sungih thu pawl Pathian thu vekin an hmannak kan hmu thei.

a.       Epistle of Barnabas (70-79 AD)

b.      Clement Cakuat pakhatnak (95-97 AD)

c.       Didache   (70-130 AD)

d.      Polycarp in Philipian pawl hnenah ca a kuat mi ( 108 AD)

e.       Shepherd of Herman (115-140 AD)

f.        Interpretation of Oracles of the Lord ( Papias, 120 AD)

g.        Diognetus hnen cakuat ( 150 AD)

    II.Thuthangtttha an pom dan a fal tete in thlirdan

           A hnuailam ih ka tarlangmi pawl hin Thuthlungthar Pathian Thuthiamnghlim pawl kha ziangtin bukhar hnu bukhat Pathian thusuak a si ti an rak pom dan pawl an tarlang.

a.       Hliakhlai tikcu ( 70-170 AD)

            Himi kum zakhat sung ahin a dungthlun tu pwl  thei tu pawlih ca ngan mi khal rak ngan thluh an si zo. Khrih dungthlun hleihnih pawlih ca ngan mi khal zapi theih an si zo ih anmah (dungthluntu) thei tu pawlin an thu hla an simnak le ca ah an ngan mi pawl khal a famkim zo.

1.      Peter ( 66 AD)

            A dunghtlun tu Peter in paul ih cakuat pawl kha finkhawi in a um thu a sim II. Pet. 3:15-16)

2.      Clement of Rome ( 30-100 AD)

                   Rome khua kawhhran hruatu pakhat dinhmun in Korin khua ah ca a    kuat ih Mathew, Roman, I Korintian, Hebrew, James cabu pawl lak ihsin tongkam pawl Pathian thu vekin a hmang.

3.      Ignatius (Martar 110-117, AD)

                Ignatius hi Anticoh khua ah a pahnihnak bishop a ttuan ti lo cu a thu hla rel ding tam kan thei lo. Amah hi Empiror Trajan ih lal lai ah Martar tuar ve mi a si. Ignatius hin Paul cakuat pawl, Mathew le John thuthangtha pawl kha a thei ih a duh in a ngaina zet hai.

4.      Didache (120)

               A diungthluntu pawlih hnatuannak thu nganmi tiah mi tampi in a thlangpi thu in an theihmi himi ca ngan tu in Mathew le Luke Thuthangttha le Thupuan cabu sung ihsin a ca ngannak ah tampi hman mi a nei.

5.      Barnabas (130 AD)

                 Himi ca ngan tu in Mathew, Rome, I & II Korintian, Ephesian, I & II Timothy, Titus, I & II Peter pawl hi Pathian Thuthianghlim vekin a hmang hai.

6.      Papias (70-140)

             Lyons khua ih bishop ttuan mi Irenaeus (140-203) in a sim vekin, Papaias cu Smyrna ih bishop a si. Cule Polycarp ih rualpi a siih adungthlun tu John  ih thu simmi rak thei tu a si. Central Asia ramtthen, Hieropolis  khua ih bishop a ttuan lai ah hitin a sim, Mark cu Peter ih tonglet tu a si ih Mark Thuthangttha ngan tu a si. Cule mathew in a Thuthangttha kha Hebrew tongin a ngan.  John in Thuthangttha a simmi khal a thei ih I John le I Peter sungih thu pawl kha a ca ngannak ah a hmang a si.

7.      Polycarp (69-155)

                A dungthluntu John ih kaihhruai mi a rak si ih Smyrna (Western Asia ram tthen) khua ah bishop a rak ttuan. Anih in Philipian zumtu pawl hnenah ca kuat a rak ngan tikah Mathew, Luke, Dungthluntu pawl tuahnak, Rome, II Koritian, Kalatian, Philipian, Kolosian, II Thesolonika, I Timothy, Hebrew, I Peter, I John le II John thuthianghlim pawl thu a theihnal zet thu a sim.

8.      Sheprhard of Herman (115-140)

            A ca sungah kan hmuh thei vekin ca ngan tu in Mathew, Ephesian, James, II Korintian, Philipian, I Thesolonika, Hebrew, I John le Thupuan cabu pawl a theihfiang zet thu a sim.

9.      Clement ih cakuat pahnihnak ( 120-170)

                  Himi cakuat sungah Clement in Mathew le Luke Thuthangtha cabu pawl thu a theihfiang  dan thu a sim.

10.  Justion Martar (140 AD)

              A ca ngannak ah Mathew2 , Luke, le John  thuthangtha sung thu pawl a telh cih mi a um. Cuitlunah a dungthlun tu pawl tuahnak, Rome, I Korintian, kalatian, Ephesian, Kolosian, II Thesolonika, Hebrew, I Piter le Thupuan pawl tla fiangzetin a theih thu a sim.

11.  Basilides ( 117-138)

            Hipa hi Gnostic scholar hmaisa bik pakhat a rak si, A ca ngannak ah John, Rome, le I Koritian pawl hi Pathian thu vekin a rak hmangih Thuthlungthar ca uk pawl hi Pathian thawkkhummi thutak vekin a rak pom thluh hai.

12.  Marcion (140)

            Marcion hi fehsual pakhat cu a rak sinan Thuthlungthar cabu rak suah hmaisa bik tu pakhat a si ve ruangah a thusimmi pawl lak ihsin zir dingmi a um. Amah cu fehsual a sinan Thuthlungthar cabu a lak khawmih cabu pakhat a tuah tikah Thuthlungthar sungah a tel mi pawl an um. Luke Thuthangttha le Paul cakuat pakua (9) (Roam cakuat ihsin II Theosolonika tiang le Philemon)  pawl kha a pom ih a dang pawl bu dang pawl kha Thuthlunghlun thawn an peh zawm awknak ruangah ahnawn hai.

       

13.  Valentinus (140)

             Valentinus hi Alexendria ah Gnostic fehsual nak zirh tu a sinan a zirhnak ah Mathew, John, Rome, I Korintian, Kalatian, Ephesian, Kolosian cabu pawl kha Patian thutak vekin a hmang hai ih Dungthlun, I John le I Peter cabu pawl thu a theih thu khal a sim.

 

b.      Ziangtik can ah Thuthianghlim cu phuahcawp ca le thuanthu satliah pawl lak ihsin an rak thleidang (170-303 AD)

 

             A dunthluntu pawl san a liam hnu ah sankhat a liam lala. A dungthluntu pawl thu simmi rak ngai thla tu pawl khal a thi hlo thluh zo. Cutikah Khrih dungthluntu pawl thu simmi rak ngai thla tu le an thu hla a thei fiang tu pawl an um nawn lo tikah thu simtu midangdang thu simmi an theih sawngmi le ca an siar mi lawng a si tikah ruahdan ngaihdan bang aw lo a suak vivo. Culai ah mi hrekkhat in ca a phunphun an ngan vivo tikah mi tampi in an sakhua lam hruai tu thutak, pathian Thuthianghlim pawl kha rinhlelhnak amn nei thawkih an buai celcel.  Cuvek thubuai lakah ca suah hrekkhat sungah Pathian thutak an pommi thu an simnak hrekkhat pawl kan zoh hnik pei.

1.      Muratorian Fragment (170)

          Milan khua ih Ambrosian Library ah kum 1740 ah an sar suak mi ca them a si Thuthlungthar cabu pawl lakah ziangziang pawl kha Pathian thutak tiah kawhhranm zumtu pawlin an rak pom ti a sim fiang. Rome kawhhran pawlin Thuthianghlim ti ah an rak pommi cabu pawl thu a sim fiang lawng hman si loin cabu pakhat cio thu maltete a sim tel mi a um. Thuthlungthar Pathian thu tiah an rak pom  a si tiah a sim mi lakah tulai protestnat kawhhran in kan hmanmi Thuthlungthar cabu hmuahhmuah, Hebrew, James, le I & II Peter siar lo a tel thluh.

2.      Irenaeus (140-203)

             Irenaeus hi Asia ramah Polycarp ih zirhnak hnuaiah a rak tthanglian mi a si. Orthodox zirhnak humhimtu a siih Gnosticism zirhsualnak pawl rak dodaltu a si. Rome khua ah rei lo te a um  hnu ah Gaul khu  ah bishop a rak ttuan. A ca ngan mi ah Thuthlungthar lak ihsin (Philimon, Hebrew, II Peter, III John le Jude siar lo) Pathian thutak vekin a hmannak kan hmu thei. Metzger in a sim dan vekin, Irenaues cun Thuthlungthar pawel kha Thuthlunghlun vekin Pathian thawkkhummi thutak vekin a rak hmang. Harrison in a sim bet mi cu: Irenaeus khan Thuthlungthar cabu hrekkhat sung ihsin hnawn mi a neih thu kan thei lo.

3.      Teretullian ( 150-223 AD)

              Tertullian hi Carthage khua ah a rak um ih pathian thu le dan thiam sangfilawr (lawyer & scholar) a rak si. Latin tongin c a a rak ngan ih a ca ngan mi pawl hi sawr bawk um zet an si. Amai ca ngannak ihsin Thuthlungthar hi "New Testement" tiah an rak kawh thawk nak a si. NT (Thlungthar) sung ihsin James, II Peter, II & III John cabu pawl siar lo cu Pathian thawkkhummi thutak vekin a rak hmang thluhhai.

4.      Clement of Alexendria ( 155-215 AD)

              Clement hi Alexandria kawhhran le sakhua zirh awknak tlawng pawlah hotu a rak si. A hnattuannakah Thuthlungthar ihsin (Philimon, James, II Peter, II le III John siar lo cu Pathian thuthianghlim vekin a rak hmang hai.

5.      Origen ( 185-254 AD)

                  Origen hi Alexendria khua ah a rak ceng bikih khualtlawng mi a rka si. Rome, Antioch, , Ephesus, Athens le Arabia khua pawl hi a khual tlawnnak bik a rak si. Caaesarea le Palestone ram pawl khalah a rak ceng dah. Thuthlungthar pawl kha Thuthlunghlun dunglamah a rak ret hai ih Thuthlungthar cabu pawl thu el buai awk lai mi pawl kha a hranten a rak ret hai. Kawhhran zumtu pawl kha Mediterenian ram tthen ah a rak tthen awk vekin Thuthlungthar ngan mi pawl kkha kawhhran pakhat le pakhat kar lakah an hmandan le an neih mi cio a rak bang aw lo kha zianghman ruahhar ding a um lo. Origen in Tuthlungthlungthar cabu pawl mi zapi in Pathian thawkkhummi tiah an rak pommi pawl kha hmunkhat te ah a rak ret hai ih a dang thu sut awk buai mi ( a ngan tu zo a si tile pathian thawkkhummi a si maw si lo tiah an el awk buai mi cabu) pawl kha a hran ten a felin a rak ret khawm.

                Zianghman buainak um loin mi zapi in an pommi pawl cu Thuthangttha buli le Dungthluntu, Paul cakuat pawl, I Peter, I John, le Thupuan an rak si. Hebrew hi Alaxendria mi pawl cun Paul ih ngan mi a si tiah an ti. A sung um thu pawl cu Paul ih ruahnak le Pathian thuken pawl thawn a bang aw ko nan a tongkam hmandan ah paul ih tongkam hmandan a si lo. Cuitlunah khuihman Paul ih ngan mi a si tiah a simnak kan hmu lo. Curuangah kawhhran hrekkhat pawl cun an Pathian thawkkhummi thutak a si tiah an pom loih Oregin khalain a buai mi lakah a rak ret. A ngan tu taktak cu "Pathian lawngin a thei" tiah a rak ti. Origen in miin an buaipi mi le a fianglo mi ah a ret mi cabu pawl cu II Peter, II & III John, James le Jude cabu pawl an si.

  

 

c.       Thuthianghlim cu zapi pommi Pathian thawkkhummi asi tiah an rak  nemhngetnak can ( 303-400 AD)

            Himi kum zabi pakhat sung ahhin kawhhran pawlin khuimi le ziang cabu pawl kha Pathian Thuthianghlim le pathian thawkkhummi an si tiah an zohhliah ih fiangfaiten an theih mi pawl kha Pathian thuthianghlim a si tiah an rak nemhnget bet.  Cuticun a dungthlun tu pawlin an rak ngan ta mi pathian thawkkhummi Thuthjlungthar cu an nemhnget ih kawhhran tiin Pathian thutak zumnak le sakhua biaknak lam hruai tu ah hman a si.

1.      Eusebus (265-340 AD)

              Eusebus hi Palestine ram, Caesarea ih bishop pakhat a rak siih kawhhran thuanthu thei tu pakhat a rak si. Esubius in Jesu  Khrih san lai ihsin Cconstantine (313 AD) san tiang khristian pawl cangvaihdan a hailangih thuanthu a rak buatsaih. Dioletian in AD.303 ah  Thuthianghlim bu pawl a rak ur thluh ih khristian pawl a rak hrem lai fangah a rak nungih Eusebus ih hnattuan suak mi kawhhran thuanthu bu (Ecclesiastical History) hi a thupi zet ih thuanthu bu dangah kan hmuh thei lo mi kawhhran thuanthu pawl tampi himi cabu sungah kan hmu thei.

               Eusebus in khristian Baibal thuanthu pawl ciangzetin a nganih Pathian thutak tiah ziangzat pommi an siih zo ih ngan mi pawl an si ti khal fiangzetin a rak tarlang.

       Oregin vek thotho in Thuthlungthar hi tthenhnih ah a tthen ih a rak buatsaih. Zianghman sawiselnak um loin zo khalin Pathian thawkkhummi Pathian thutak a si tiah an pommi cabu pawl kha hmuhkhat te ah a rak ret hai. Mi zapi pommi lakah ( James, II Peter, II & III John, Jude, le Thupuan siar lo) tui kan hmanmi Thuthlungthar bu pawl hi aaan tel thluh.

     Empiror (lal) Constantine (AD. 332) in ram a uk laiah Khristian sakhua nak kha tha a rak pek tikah Cconstantinople khua ah Eusebus hnenah Baibal bu 50 tuah dingin a rak fial. Cule Eusebus in Thuthlunghlun pawl le tui kan hmanmi Thuthlungthar bu 27 pawl telhi a rak tuah sak.

2.      Codex Sanaiticus (340 AD)

          Codex Sanaiticus caphek hi Sinai tlang hnuai ih um St. Catherine, Greek Ordthodxo pawl tlawng inn ah an sar mi a si. Kum zabi pali le a hrek tluk rei ihta an sar suak sal mi a siih Baibal tuanthu hawlsuaknak ah a thu pi zet. Himi caphek sungah tui protestant pawlin kan hmanni Thuthlungtha bu 27 pawl le Barnabas ih cakuat le Shepherd of Herman timi pawl an tel.

3.      Athanasius (298-373)

                   Athanasius hi Alexandria khua bishop a rak siih "Canonical" "tehfung" timi hmangin tui kan hman mi Thuthlungthar bu 27 kawmmi Thuthlungthar bu rak buatsaih hmaisa bik tu asi tiah zum a si. Bruce in a sim dan cun Athanasius hi tui kan Thuthlungthar ih hman hman mi bu 27 pawl hi zianghman thleidang lole rinhlelhnak um loin Pathian thawkkhummi Thuthianghlim vekin a rak hmang hamisa bik tu a si.

4.      Jerome (AD.340-420)

             Jerome hi khristian thuthiam sangfilawr (scholar) pakhat a rak siih hmun dangdangah khual tlawng. Rome khua ih bishop Damascus in a dilnak vekin Vulgate tiah an kawhmi Latin ttongin Thuthianghlim a rak buatsaih. Vulgate Baibal sungah tui kan hman mi Thuthlungthar bu 27 pawl an tel.

5.      Council of Carthage (397) and Hippo (419)-(Carthege le Hippo khua ih kawhhran tawn khawm awknak)

       Khristrian palai pawl hmun hranhran ihsin an tawng aw khawm ih an thurel cat mi pawl kha thusuah tuah tahratin an tlangzarh.

      Kawhhran tehfungin a pom mi siar lo kawhhran sungah pathian thu vekin zo hman in ziang thu hman siar lo ding. Tehfungin a pommi pawl cu a hnuailam Thuthianghlim bu pawl an si. Thuthlungthar ah: Thuthangttha buli, A dungthluntu pawl tuahnak bukhat, Paul cakuat (bu 13), Hebrew pawl hnen cakuat (bu 1), Peter cakuat (bu 2), John cakuat (bu 3), Jude cakuat (bu 1), le John Thupuan (bu 1) pawl an si.

     Cuticun, kawhhran tawn khawm awknak ah kawhhran palai pawlin khuimi pawl Pathian thawkkhum mi Thuthianghlim a si ti an hliakhlai ih kawhhran tehfuang thawn an tuah famkim zo ruangah kawhhran zumtu pawlin ziang cabu pawl kha Pathian bianak ah hmandingmi Thuthianghlim a si tiah an buai nawn lo. Kawhhran tawn khawm awknakin Thuthianghlim an tiuah si loin Thlarau Thianghlim kaihhruainak in ziang pawl kha Pathian thawkkhum  mi Thuthianghlim an siin kawhhran tiin an rak hmangin ti kha an zoh khawm hnu ah Pathian Thlarau theihternak vekin Pathain in zumtu pawl hnenah a pekmi Thuthianghlim pawl kha an finkhawm ih zumtu pawl kaihruaitu thuthianghlim vekin kenkawh le finkhawm a si.