PART VI: THUTHIANGHLIM KENKAWH DAN LE FINKHAWM DAN


PART VI:  THUTHIANGHLIM KENKAWH DAN LE FINKHAWM DAN

(Canonicity and transmission of scripture)


 Thuhmaihruai

            Thuthianghlim finkhawmdan (Canonovity) timi cu Bibal hi Pathian thawkkhummi asi ti ziangtin an theithei ih an finkhawm? Cuitlunah a tu ih kan hmanmi Baibal bu 66 hi ziangtin a ra suak? Ziangruangah Pathian thawkkhummi tutak asi tiah an pom? Thildang sakhuanak thu hla an nganmi pawl hmuah ziangruangah an hnawng? Tui kan hmanmni cabu pawl lawng hi Pathian thutak vekin ziangtin an rak pom timi thu asi. Curuangah, a tu ah kan hmanmi bu 66 pawl cu thutak asi tiah ziangtin an rak pomih an fin khawm tiah kan zoh tlunah ziangruangah cabu dang an nganmi thenkhat pawl an rak hnawng timi thu khal kan zoh ding.
           Canon timi cu "tehfung" tinak asi ih Greek tong ihsin a rak mi asi. Nunnak tehfung ti simnak khalah hmantheih asi ih leitlun fimthiamnak thu tehfung khalah hman thothomi tongkam asi. Kal 6:16 ah Paul in nun kawsakdan tehfung thu simnakah a hmang. Kawhhran pupa pawlin Thuthiang hi nun khawsakdan tehfungah an rak hmang. Ziangruangah tile Thuthiang cu an zumih an zumnak le an tuahnak ziangkim thutak tehfungah an rak hman ruangah asi.
   Cuitlunah 'tehfung" timi cu a umzat tehnak khalah hman asi. Curuangah tui kan hmanmi 'tehfung' timi tongkam hi Thuthiang tehnak fung khalah hman asi. Alexendria ih Bishop Athanasius (AD 350) kha himi tongkam hmang hmaisa bik tu in a lang.
           Curuangah tui kan hmanmi Baibal bu 66 hi ziangtin Pathian thutak, Pathian thawkkhummi asi ti an thei ih thutak vekin an rak kenkawh timi thu a hnuailam vekin tarlang asi.

I.                   Thuthianghlim kenkawhdan le finkhawmdan a dawtdawt

A.     Pathian thawkkhummi asinak

            Thuthiang hmuahhmuah cu Pathian thawkkhummi asi ih Thlarau Thianghlim kaihhruainakin milai hnenah pekmi asi (II Tim.3:16).
           Kamsang pawlih rawngbawldan tlangpi cu Pathian in an mah hmangin milai hnenah thu a sim ding ti asi. Exo.7:1 nak hi thuthimnak tha zet asi. Moses khan tongkam thiam lo ka si ati, asinan Aaron kha Moses bawmtu dingah Pathian in a pek. Cu tikah Moses ih rawngbawlnak kha hmun tampi ahcun Aaron in a bawmin thu a sim sak ko ding. Sihmansehla, Pathian in Moses hnenah mawhphurhnak a pek ih ziangkim cu Moses hmin in tuahsuak asi ringring vekin, Pathian in milai hmangin milai pawl hnenah thu asim tikah milai tongkam in a suak nan Pathian in milai pawl cu hmanrua ah a hman ruangah an thu simmi pawl cu Pathian thu tiah zum asi.

B.     Milai in Pathian Thuthianghlim pawl cu an thei

            Pathian thu cu milai in cabu sungah ngan in milai hnenah theihter asi tikah a theitu pawlin Pathian Thuthianghlim a sizia an thei. Thuthimnakah, Moses kha tlangpar ihsin a rung tum tikah Pathian thu kha Israel mi pawl hnenah a theihter haiih Isreal mipi pawlin "Lalpa in asim zo mi pawl hmuahhmuah kan thlun dingih kan tuah ding" tiah an ti (Exo.24:3,4,7). Hmundang khalah Pathian in Moses hnenah a theihter mi thu pawl kha Moses in ca sungah a ngan ih mipi a theihter tikah mipi pawlin Pathian  thu a sizia an theithiam. Cuvek thotho in Thuthlungthar khal kha Dungthluntu pawlin Pathian thu an sim ih ca an ngan tikah mipi pawlin Pathian thu asi ti an theithei (I The.2:13).
           Hi tawkah kan theihthiam dingmi cu Pathian in kamsang pawl hmangin a milesa pawl hnenah thu a sim tikah Pathian fa le pawlin Pathian hnen ihsin a ra mi Pathian thutak a sizia an theithei ih an zum. Baibal cabu sungih thutak pawl hi Baibal sungah an ngan ih an rak telh ruangah Pathian in a thawkkhum hai ih thuneihnak an nei asilo. Pathian in a thu cu milai hmangin milai hnenah a theihter hai mi asi sawn. Pathian in kamsang pawl hmangin a thu cu milai hnenah a theihter ih cabu sungah an ngan ter mi pawl cu Pathian fa le pawlin Thuthianghlim a sizia an thei ih an zum. Cuticun, Pathian thutak cu upatnak thawn an zum ih an thlun. Baibal sungah bu 66 lawng a umnak cu Pathian in hihmuah hi milai in Amah an pehtlaihnak hrang lamhmuhtu dingah a tawk a ti ruangah asi.

C.                 Milai in an finkhawm ih an kenkawhdan

            Tui kan neihmi kan Bibal bu 66 hi voikhat te ah pekmi an si lo. Tikcu reizet (kum 1600) sungah tuahsuakmi asi. Asinan, Pathian fa le pawlin sankhat hnu sankhat Pathian thu cu an theiih an kilvengin an kenkawh ringring.
           Thuthlunghlun cabu pawl hi Pathian fa le pawlin bu khat hnu bu khat ziangtinThuthianghlim sungah an telh, ziangtin thutak asi tiah an thei ih an kilkhawi in an kenkawh ti simtheinak a um. Moses ih ca nganmi pawl cu Pathian thu a si tiah mipi pawlin an theih vekin Puanthlam sungih Thukam kuang kiangte ah an ret (Daan.31:26; II Siang.23:24-25; Joshua.24:26). Samuel in siangpahrang ih covo le tuanvo pawl kha cauk sungah a nganih hmun thianghlim ah a ret ( I Sanu. 10:25).

          Kamsang dang pawlin kamsang dang nganmi thuthianghlim pawl cu Pathian thu an sizia theihtiamnak dingin simmi an nei. Thuthimnakah, Maikhah in Isaiah ngan mi thu a sim (Mai.4:1-4 : Isai.2:2-4). Daniel in Jeremiah ih thu simmi pawl kha Pathian thu asi tiah a sim (Dan.9:2; Jer.25:11)); Ezara in Hakai, Zechariah le Jeremiah ih simmi thu pawl kha Pathian thu asi ti a thei (Eza.1:1;5:1). Cun, Nehemiah le Zechariah in kamsang dang pawl thu kha Pathian thu a sizia an thei ( Neh.9:30;Zech 7:7,12). Cuticun, Pathian thupek vekin  ngan mi thu pawl cu tha zetin ret le kilkhawi an si ti a fiang (Dan.9:9; Deu.17:18).


          Thuthlungthar Baibal cabu pawl hi Dungthluntu neta bikin thuthiang a ngan theh hlan hmanah khawnkhawm ih retthat an si ti a lang. Thuthimnakah, Piter in Paul ih cakuat pawl thu asim (II Pit.3:15-16).

VI. THUTHLUNGTHAR AN RAK POMDAN DWTDAWT

            A tui kan hmanmi Thiuthlungthar Pathian Thuthianghlim hi ziangtin cabu pakhat ah an rak tuah ih Pathian thawkkhummi asi ti ziangtin an rak pom ti kan zoh fiang hnik pei.   Thuthlungthar cabu pawl cu ziangtin Pathian thawkkhummi asi ti an rak pomnak kan zohhlan ah Pathian thutak in dodalnak a rak tonmi pawl kan zoh hmaisa ding.

A.     Thuthlungthar cabu pom le kenkawh asinak dingah a daltu pawl


1.      Thuthangttha cu a hmaisa ah kaa in rak simmi a si.
            Jesu a thih le a thawhsal hnu ah Dungthluntu pawl cu thuthangttha kenkawhtu an rak si. An theihmi thuthangttha cu an kaa in anmah rori in an sim ruangah Thuthangttha cabu an rak ttul tuk lo tluk a si. Cuticun AD 60 tiang hrawng ahcun Thuthangttha cu cabu ah ngan ttul ciamco tuk hrih loin a lang. Ziangruangah tile Rundamtu Zesu kha mit ih hmu tu le a thu rak dawngsawngtu rori an damlai ih anmah in  thuthangttha cu an sim sawng vivo tikah cabu an ttul tuk lo ah a cang.  Asinan a dunthluntu pawl cu kumkhua leitlunah an nung thei ve lo vekin Zesu in an hnenah thuthangttha a zirhmi le a theihter mi pawl kha a ra lai dingmi milai pawl hrangah cabu ah tuah in ret tthat a ttul.
            Duntluntu pawl san laiah ca in si loin kaa ih sim hi an rawngbawlnak bik a rak si. Thuthlunghlun san lai ihsin ca ngantu le danthiam pawlin Jews nunphung le sakhua daan pawl cu mipi hnenah kaa rori in phuang in zirh awknak cu an hmang tlangpi mi a rak si.  Ewert in Jews pawlin ziangtin an nunphung le sakhua thuanthu pawl an rak zirh aw in an sim aw sawng timi thu a simnak ah hitin a sim:  Jews miphun pawlin ca ih nganmi siar hnakin zirhtu pawlin an thu le hla pawl cu zohloin (byheart) an thei thluh ih cuticun mipi tawn khawm awknakah an rak zirh awk ttheu mi asi.  Cuticun zokhal an nunphung le sakhua thu le hla a thei duhtu pawl cun an hruaitu pawl zirhmi cu an thinlung sungah thei thluh thei dingin an rak zuam awk bik mi asi. Cuvek thotho in Thuthangttar khal kha milai kaa in an rak sim ih an rak zirh sawng aw vivo asi ti cu el ding a um lo.
            Asinan Khrih dungthluntu pawl an thih hnu, AD kumzabi pakhat lole pakhat leh a hrek hrawng ihsin Thuthlungthar cabu ngan mi pawl kha an rak ngaihven thawk in an hawl suak vivo. Ziangruangah tile Zesu kha mit rori in a hmu tu le a kai rak thluntu pawl an um nawn lo tikah Dungtluntu pawlin kawhhran pawl hnenah thuthangtha an rak sim mi le ca an rak kuat mi pawl kha an finkhawi vivo sal. Cuticun, Thuthangttha pali pawl kha Zesu'i rawngbawlnak ca ngannak asi vekin zumtu, Zesu Khrih kha mitin a rak hmu ban nawn lo tu pawlin Khrih thu le a zirhnak thu an zirnakah le Dungthluntu pawlih ca ngan mi pawl kha kawhhran haihruai awknak, nunnak thlakthleng awknak le an zumnak ih lamhruaitu ah an hmang.


2.      Kawhhran zumtu pawl kha Mediterinean ram tthen pawlah an darh aw
       Thuthlunghlun san laiih Jews pawl vek si loin AD kum zabi pakhatnak ih zumtu, khristian pawl cu hmuntin le ramtinah an rak darh aw celcel. Curuangah Thuthangttha cabu le Dungthluntu cakuat ngan mi pawl kha kawhhran tin a fehsuaknak dingah tikcu rei zet a duh ttheu. Ziangruangah tile kha lai ah cakuatnak khawl ttha ttha an rak neih lo ruangah cakuat le cabu pawl kha duhzatzat olaiten suah a rak theih lo. Curuangah hmun hrekkhatah Thuthangtha bu hrekkhat a thlengih hmun hrekkhat ah a dang hrekkhat lawng a thleng ttheu.  Cuticun Thuthlungthar bu 27 pawl hi hmun hrekkhat ahcun khuimi pawl hi Pathian thawkkhummi thuthangttha an si ding tiah an rak el awk ttheunak asi. Hmun tthenkhat ih kawhhran misa hrekkhat pawlin cabu hrekkhat pawl hi voi tam deuh an rak siar ngah ih a dang zumtu hrekkhat pawlin bu dang pawl kha voi tam deuh an rak siar ngah ttheu. Curuangah hmun khat le hmun khat zumtu pawl lakah an ngainat cuangmi le an theih nal cuang mi Pathian thu kha a rak bang aw lo. Thuthlungthar bu 27 pawl hi a rak hmu hmaisa biktu pawlin Pathian thawkkhummi Thuthianghlim asi tiah an rak pom cio nan vio le khatah a bu 27 ten kawhhran pakhat le khua pakhatah a rak thleng thei loih khua pakhat le kawhhran pakhat in bu hrekkhat kha Pathian thawkkhummi vekin an rak pomih an rak siar lai ah khaw dang le hmun dangih a ummi zumtu khristian unau pawl cun  bu dang pawl kha an rak hmu ih Pathian thawkkhummi tiah upatnak thawn an rak hmang. Cui tlunah an san lai ah lamzin pehtlaih tawnnak tthat lo ruang khalah khua pakhat le pakhat ih a ummi zumtu unau pawlin ziangvek cabu pawl kha Pathian thawkkhummi Thuthianghlim asi tiah Thlarau in a theihter hai ti thu an thei aw lohli thei lo ttheu. Cutikah kawhhran pakhat le pakhat hnenah Thlarau Thianghlim theihternak vekin Pathian thutak an co mi hlawm awknak ah khua a tlai ttheu. Cuticun tikcu ziangmawzat hmuntin le ramtin a feh suak hnu ah tui kan hman mi Thuthlungthar cabu 27 pawl hi Pathian thawkkhummi thuthianghlim asi tiah an rak pomih an rak nemhnget.  Kum zabi 4 AD hrawng ahcun zianghman el awk ding um loin tui kan hman mi Thuthlungthar bu 27 cu Pathian thawk khummi thuthlainghlim  asi tiah an rak pom thelpthlep.

B.     Thuthlungthar bu 27 pawl kha Pathian thawkkhummi thuthianghlim an si tiah nemhnget dingah le tehfung thawn khuimi cabu pawl kha Pathian thawkkhummi an si ti zohfel a ttulnak thu
1.      Thuthlunghlun a um
            Thuthlunghlun kha famkim zetin cekfel, kilkhawi, finkhawi le kenkawh a siih Grik tong in an leh tlunah khawm awknak tinah Pathian  thu vekin an hman ttheu ruangah Thuthlungthar khal cuvekin tuah a ttul ve asi tiah kawhhran milesa pawlin an rak thei. Kawhhran thawh pek te ihsin thuthluhnghlun cu kawhhran thuthianghlimbu a rak si.Thutthimnakah, Peter in thu a sim tikah a hman mi cang 27 sungah cang 20 cu Thuthlunghlun sung ihsin a lakmi an si (Dung. 2:14-40). Cuvek thotho in Paul in Antioch ah thu a sim tikah cang 26 a simmi sungah cang 9 cu Thuthlunghlun sung ihsin a lakmi asi. Cuticun kawhhran hram thawh pek te ihsin Thuthlunghlun cu kawhhran hruai awknakah an hmanmi Pathian thuthianghlim bu asi ti kan thei thei. Curuangah Pathian in a fapa Jesu Khrih hmang in mailai hnenah thuthangtha a tarlangmi le Dungthluntu pawl hmangin thuthianghlim milai hnenah a theihter mi pawl cu cabu pakhat le leitlun ro thil vekin ret tthat a ttul a i tiah kawhhran hruaitu pawlin an rak thei.
2.      Mipi in Thuthlungthar kha  kawhhranah an rak hmang
       Kawhhran a thawh pekte ihsin khawm awknakah Thuthlunghlun sungih daan le kamsang pawl cangan mi an siar vekin Thuthlungthar pawl kha an siar ttheu.  Thutthimnakah, Paul khalin kawhhran hnenah ca a kuat mi kha kawhhran hmin a tarlangmi kawhhran pakhat lawng si loin zumtu unau dang pawl hnen khalah siar ter vivo dingin thu a cah hai (I The.5:27). Cun Kolosian pawl hnenah ca a kuat mi kha Laodician ih a um mi zumtu unau pawl khal siar ter ve dingin thu a cah hai (Kl. 4:16; Thu.1:3).
           Cuticun Thuthlungthar cabu pawl kha Pathian thawkkhummi thuthianghlim an si ti an theih tikah Thuthlunghlun pawl thawn hmunkhatah an ret hai. Cule kawhhran tinte in anmah te cauk neih cio an duh ih an neih hrih lo mi khal an hawl khawmih Pathian thawkkhummi thuthianghlim asi ti  an theihmi pohpoh cu khawng khawmin hmunkhatah an ret khawm.  Cuticun kawhhran pakhat cio in anmah le thuthianghlim bu cio cu an rak nei (II. Pet.3:15-16).
3.      Marcion ih Thuthianghlim bu tehfung
             Kum zabi pahnih le a hrek (2 1/2 AD) hrawngah Aisa ram tthen hi Pontus (Tulai san ih Turkey) khua ah Marcion timi sakhua lam fehsual pa a rak um. Amah cu Jews pawl daan duh lo tu a rak siih Thuthlunghlun le Thuthlungthar hrekkhat pawl kha tanta in amai duhzawng cabu pawl lawng kha a lak khawmih amai duhzawng Thuthianghlim cabu hran te a rak tuah. Marcion cun Thuthlunghlun Pathian le Thuthlungthar Pathian cu an bang aw thei lo asi tiah a rak ti. Paul lawng kha Khrih dungthluntu pawl lakah mi rinum a siih mi dang pawl cu lalpai zirhnak pawl kha an feh sual pi asi tiah a ti. Cule Luke khal hi Jews pawl ih nunphung le sakhua daan ihsin a luat bik mi asi vekin a ca ngan mi pawl cu a pomsak. Curuangah Paul cakuat ngan mi (I & II Timothy tello) le Luke ih ngan mi cabu pawl lawng kha Thuthianghlim tiah a rak pom (AD. 140 ih a tehfung vekin). Cuticun a duh lo zawng hmuahhmuah cu a  Pathian thutak tiah a pommi sung ihsin a hlawn thluh. Luke Thuthangtha sungih Thuthlunghlun thawn a peh par aw mi, John tihnimtu ih rawngbawlnak, Zesu in thlemnak a tuarnak thu pawl kha cubu sung ihsin a hlawn hai.  Cuvek thotho in Kalatian cakuat sungih 3:6-9, 15-25 pawl khal kha Abraham le Jews daan thu pawl a tel ruangah Pathian thuthianghlim sungah a telh duh lo. Cuitlunah Rom cakuat sungih Isreal pawl thuanthu umnak pawl kha a hlawn hai ih amai duhzawng te lawng kha khawn khawm in ca bu hran te a tuah.
            Marcion in cuvek in thil a rak tuah ih Pathian thutak a rak lak tthen kha thilttha lo zet asinan khatlamah kawhhran pawlin an pommi thuthianghlim bu pawl kha felfaiten finkhawi dingin tha a rak  pe sawn. Marcion in cutin Pathian thutak a lak tthen hlanah kawhhran khrihfa zumtu pawlin ziang cabu pawl kha Pathian thawkkhummi an si ti an rak thei thluh zo. Asinan cuvekin Marcion in a lak tthen tikah mi hrekkhat an lung a buai ih kawhhran in an Thuthianghlim kha felfai ten an tehfung thawn an zohtthat ih an kilkhawi tthat a tul asi ti an thei. Curuangah kawhhran pawlin Pathian Thuthianghlim tiah an pom mi pawl kha  tthaten an kenkawh ih zianghman rin hlelhnak le thinnuam lo nak um loten Pathian thuthianghlim cu an zumnak le sakhua biaknak lam hruaitu dingah an finkhawi a ttul.
4.      AD kum zabi 2,3, le 4 hrawngah ca ngan mi phunphun a suak vivo
      Mi hrekkhat ca ngantu pawlin an sakhuanak lam ih anmai mimal zumnak le ruahnak pawl kha a Dungthluntu pawl hmin asilole mi pakhatkhat hmin hmangin ca an nganih kawhhran zumtu khristian unau pawl lakah khuimi bik hi Pathian thawkkhummi thuthianghlim an si ti theihtheih lo ding khawpin ca ngan mi a phunphun an nawk celcel. Curuangah zumtu zovek khalin thutak an thleidan theinak dingah le rinhlelhnak um loin an nunnak lamhruaitu ah an hman theinak dingah kawhhran Pathian thawkkhummi Thuthianghlim cabu pawl kha finkhawm in an kilkhawi tthat a ttul. Culai ah an hnuailam ih can ngan mi pawl hi an lar zet:
a.       Ecclesiastical cabu pawl
i.                     Epistle of Barnabas (AD. 79) (Barnabas ih cakuat)
ii.                   First Epistle of Clement (AD. 79) (Clemment ih cakuat pakhatnak)
iii.                  Shepherd of Herman (AD.115-140)
iv.                 Didache (100-120) Teaching of the Twevle (Hleihnih pawl zirhnak)
v.                   The second Epistle of Clement ( AD.120-140), (Clement ih cakhuat pahnihnak)
vi.                 Apocalpse of Peter (AD.150) , (Peter  Thupuan)
vii.                The Act of Paul (AD. 170) (Paual ih tuahnak)


b.      Midang hminhmang in thuanthu lem ngan mi pawl
       Midang hminsang ih ca ngan mi pawl hi AD zabi pahinhnak ihsin pali karlakah an lang tamzet. Hivek ca an ngannak san cu a thlangpi thu in thu pahnih a um. A pakhatnakah, Zesui nunnak, rawngbawlnak le thuanthu pawl hi Thuthianghlim sungah a famkim in ngan thluh asilo ruangah a thei bettu an um ding ti ruatin mi hrekkhat in  ca an rak ngannak asi. Anmai suangtuahnak pawl kha thudik vekin mi pakhatkhat hmin hmangin thuanthu an rak phuah ih an rak ngan ciam co. A pahnihnakah, an sakhua lam thu an zumnak le an ruahnak pawl kha mi thlunter, midang zirh an duh ruangah  Zesu’i zirhmi pawl kha Dungthluntu pawlin an nganmi vekin Dungthluntu pawl hminsang in ca an rak ngannak asi.
            Harrison in a sim dan cun, kawhhran pawl cu cuvek ca ttha lo lak ihsin an ralring  zet.  Origen cun " Kawhhran pawl cun Thuthangttha ( Zesu’i thu hla le zirhnak pawl ngannak) buli kan neiih fehsual (heretics) pawl cun bu tampi an nei" tiah a rak sim( AD. 185-254).
            Hivek ca ngantu pawl thinlung le ruahnak a rak luattu ruahnak pakhat cu Gnosticism (Theihnak cu ziangkim asi timi ruahnak ihsin a suakmi fehsualnak), Dualism (Pathian cu a thianghlim ih leitlun le tisa cu a bawrhhlawh asi timi ruahnak ihsin ruahnak sual a suak mi) pawl ihsin a suakmi ruahsualnak asi. Pathian cu a thianghlim ih leitlun le tisa cu a thianghlim lo ruangah Pathian cu tisa thawn dai aw thei le hnawmhnawih aw thei asi loih theihnak lawng in rundamnak kan co thei tiah an zum. Curuangah Zesu ih Pathian sinak khal an pom loih  milai rundamnak thu khalah Khrih in a zirh lo mi vekin lamzin dang pi in an zum.
            Hivek zirhnak pawl hin khristian thurin tlangpi pawl cu an hnawngih milai sinak, sual le rundamnak thu pawl an zirhnak khalah Baibal in a zirhmi a kalh thluh.  Curuangah kawhhran in hivek zirhnak pawl a do a tulih zumtu pawl cawkbuai lo dingin a thiarfihlim thei a tul.


  Pseudepigrapha (Phuahcawp ca ngan mi pawl):
1.      Phuahcawp Thuthangttha pawl (Gospel)
            i.                     Thomas ih thuthangttha
            ii.                   Peter ih thuthangtta
            iii.                  Hebrew thuthangttha
            iv.                 Bartholomwe ih thuthangtha
            v.                   Egyptian pawl thuthangtha
            vi.                Protevangelium of James
            vii.                Arabic Gospel of the Birth
            viii.              Philip ih Thuthangtha
            ix.                 Thutak thuthangttha
            x.                   Dungthluntu hleihnih thuthangttha
            xi.                 Nicodemus thuthangttha
            xii.                Mathias thuthangttha
            xiii.              Thomas Athelte ih cabu

2.      Acts (Tuahnak pawl)
            i.                     The Acts of John (John ih tuahnak)
            ii.                   The Acts of Piter (Peter ih tuahnak)
            iii.                  The Acts of Andrea (Andrea ih tuahnak)
            iv.                 The Acts of Thomas (Thomas ih tuahnak)
3.      Epistles ( Cakuat pawl)
            i.                     A dungthluntu pawl cakuat
            ii.                   Laodicean pawlih cakuat
            iii.                  Koriantian pawlin Paul hnenah ca an kuat mi
            iv.                 Paul le Seneca ca an kuat awkmi
            v.                   Khrih le Abgar ih cakuat
4.      Apocalypses ( Thupuan pawl)
            i. I Apocalypse of Paul ( Paul thupuan)
            ii. Apocalypse of Thomas (Thomas thupuan)
5.      Diocletian
            Rome uknak hnuaiah khristian pawlin hremnak  an rak tuar ttheu nan Diocletian sanlai ah khristian Thuthianghlim cabu pawl hmuahmuah kha siatsuah thluh dingin thu a rak pek tikah khristian pawlin hremnak harsazual an rak tong (AD.303). Caesarea khua ih Eusebius in hitin a rak sim (AD.263-340)
 "Diocletian ih lalkum kum 9 nak March thla ah lal thuasuah a suah ih biak inn pawl kha siatsuah thluh ding, thuthianghlim ngannak cabu pawl khal meisa ah ur thluh ding, kawhhran upa ttuan pawl khal zianghman canvo an nei thei lo ding, cuitlunah mai insangih a um men pawl khal an khristian sakhuanak an tlansan lo asile nasa zetin hremnak an tuar ding."  Cumi lal thusuah a suak hnu rei lo te ah kawhhran upa pawl hmuahhmuah thawng inn ah thlak ttheh ding ti mi thusuah a suak lala. Cule thawng inn sungih an um laiah an khristian sakhuanak tlansan dingin a phunphun in hrem an si ding tiah an thusuah cun a sim bet.
         Cuvek dinhmun ruangah khawhhran zumtu pawlin Pathian thawkkhum mi Thuthianghlim kha tthaten retin  lalsual pawlin an siatsuah thei lo nak dingah finkhawi ding mawhphurhnak an nei.



C.     Thuthlungthar pawl kha Pathian thawkkhummi Thuthianghlim asi ti an theihtheinak thu tlangpi pawl:


I.        Pathian thawkkhummi Thuthianghlim pawl an thlir dan tlangpi
       Kum zabi pahnihnak (AD) hnu lam ahcun Thuthlungthar cabu pawl kha Pathian thawkkhummi vekin kawhhran upa pawlin an hmangih an ca ngannak le Pathian thu an simnakah an hmang thluh cio. A hnuailam ih ca nganmi pawlah hin Thuthlungthar sungih thu pawl Pathian thu vekin an hmannak kan hmu thei.
            a.       Epistle of Barnabas (70-79 AD)
            b.      Clement Cakuat pakhatnak (95-97 AD)
            c.       Didache   (70-130 AD)
            d.      Polycarp in Philipian pawl hnenah ca a kuat mi ( 108 AD)
            e.       Shepherd of Herman (115-140 AD)
            f.        Interpretation of Oracles of the Lord ( Papias, 120 AD)
            g.        Diognetus hnen cakuat ( 150 AD)

 


  II.Thuthangtttha an pom dan a fal tete in thlirdan
          A hnuailam ih tarlangmi pawlin Thuthlungthar Pathian Thuthiamnghlim pawl kha ziangtin bu khat hnu bu khat Pathian thusuak asi ti an rak pom timi a langter
            a.       Hliakhlai tikcu ( 70-170 AD)
           Himi kum zakhat sung ahhin Dungthluntu pwl  thei tu pawlih ca ngan mi khal rak ngan thluh an si zo. Khrih dungthlun hleihnih pawlih ca ngan mi khal zapi theih an si zo ih anmah (Dungthluntu) thei tu pawlin an thu hla an simnak le ca ah an ngan mi pawl khal a famkim zo.
            1.      Peter ( 66 AD)
           Dunghtluntu Peter in Paul ih cakuat pawl kha finkhawi in a um thu a sim, ( II. Pet. 3:15-16).
            2.      Clement of Rome ( 30-100 AD)
                  Rome khua kawhhran hruaitu pakhat dinhmun in Korin khua ah ca a kuat ih Mathew, Roman, I Korintian, Hebru, James cabu pawl lak ihsin tongkam pawl Pathian thu vekin a hmang.
            3.      Ignatius (Martar 110-117, AD)
               Ignatius hi Anticoh khua ah a pahnihnak bishop a ttuan ti lo cu a thu hla rel ding tam kan thei lo. Amah hi Empiror Trajan ih lal lai ah Martar tuar ve mi asi. Ignatius hin Paul cakuat pawl, Mathew le John thuthangtha pawl kha a thei ih a duh in a ngaina zet hai.
            4.      Didache (120)
              Dungthluntu pawlih hnatuannak thu nganmi tiah mi tampi in a thlangpi thu in an theihmi himi ca ngantu in Mathew le Luke Thuthangttha le Thupuan cabu sung ihsin a ca ngannak ah tampi hman mi a nei.
            5.      Barnabas (130 AD)
                Himi ca ngantu in Mathew, Rome, I & II Korintian, Ephesian, I & II Timothy, Titus, I & II Peter pawl hi Pathian Thuthianghlim vekin a hmang hai.
            6.      Papias (70-140)
            Lyons khua ih bishop ttuan mi Irenaeus (140-203) in a sim vekin, Papaias cu Smyrna ih bishop a si. Cule Polycarp ih rualpi a siih Dungthluntu John  ih thu simmi rak thei tu asi. Central Asia ramtthen, Hieropolis khua ih bishop a ttuan lai ah hitin a sim, Mark cu Peter ih tonglettu asi ih Mark Thuthangttha ngan tu asi. Cule Mathew in a Thuthangttha kha Hebru tongin a ngan.  John in Thuthangttha a simmi khal a thei ih I John le I Peter sungih thu pawl kha a ca ngannakah a hmang asi.
            7.      Polycarp (69-155)
               Dungthluntu John ih kaihhruai mi a rak si ih Smyrna (Western Asia ram tthen) khua ah bishop a rak ttuan. Anih in Philipian zumtu pawl hnenah ca kuat a rak ngan tikah Mathew, Luke, Dungthluntu pawl tuahnak, Rome, II Koritian, Kalatian, Philipian, Kolosian, II Thesolonika, I Timothy, Hebru, I Peter, I John le II John thuthianghlim pawl thu a theihnal zet thu asim.
            8.      Sheprhard of Herman (115-140)
           A ca sungah kan hmuh thei vekin ca ngan tu in Mathew, Ephesian, James, II Korintian, Philipian, I Thesolonika, Hebru, I John le Thupuan cabu pawl a theihfiang zet thu asim.
            9.      Clement ih cakuat pahnihnak ( 120-170)
                 Himi cakuat sungah Clement in Mathew le Luke Thuthangtha cabu pawl thu a theihfiang  dan thu a sim.
            10.  Justin Martar (140 AD)
             A ca ngannakah Mathew 2 , Luke, le John  thuthangtha sung thu pawl a telh cih mi a um. Cuitlunah Dungthluntu pawl tuahnak, Rome, I Korintian, Kalatian, Ephesian, Kolosian, II Thesolonika, Hebru, I Piter le Thupuan pawl tla fiangzetin a theih thu a sim.
            11.  Basilides ( 117-138)
           Hipa hi Gnostic scholar hmaisa bik pakhat a rak si, A ca ngannak ah John, Rome, le I Koritian pawl hi Pathian thu vekin a rak hmangih Thuthlungthar ca uk pawl hi Pathian thawkkhummi thutak vekin a rak pom thluh hai.
            12.  Marcion (140)
           Marcion hi fehsual pakhat cu a rak sinan Thuthlungthar cabu rak suah hmaisa bik tu pakhat asi ve ruangah a thusimmi pawl lak ihsin zir dingmi a um. Amah cu fehsual asinan Thuthlungthar cabu a lak khawmih cabu pakhat a tuah tikah Thuthlungthar sungah a tel mi pawl an um. Luke Thuthangttha le Paul cakuat pakua (9) (Rom cakuat ihsin II Theosolonika tiang le Philemon)  pawl kha a pom ih bu dang pawl kha Thuthlunghlun thawn an peh zawm awknak ruangah a hnawn hai.

            13.  Valentinus (140)
            Valentinus hi Alexendria ah Gnostic fehsualnak zirhtu asinan a zirhnak ah Mathew, John, Rome, I Korintian, Kalatian, Ephesian, Kolosian cabu pawl kha Patian thutak vekin a hmang hai ih Dungthlun, I John le I Peter cabu pawl thu a theih thu khal a sim.

b.      Ziangtik canah Thuthianghlim cu phuahcawp ca le thuanthu satliah pawl lak ihsin an rak thleidang (170-303 AD)

            Dunthluntu pawl san a liam hnu ah sankhat a liam lala. Dungthluntu pawl thu simmi rak theitu pawl khal an thi hlo thluh zo. Cutikah Khrih dungthluntu pawl thu simmi rak theitu le an thu hla a thei fiangtu pawl an um nawn lo tikah thu simtu midangdang thu simmi an theih sawngmi le ca an siar mi lawng asi tikah ruahdan ngaihdan bang aw lo a suak vivo. Culai ah mi hrekkhat in ca a phunphun an ngan vivo tikah mi tampi in an sakhua lam hruaitu thutak, Pathian Thuthianghlim pawl kha rinhlelhnak an nei thawkih an buai celcel.  Cuvek thubuai lakah ca suah hrekkhat sungah Pathian thutak an pommi thu an simnak hrekkhat pawl kan zoh hnik pei.
1.      Muratorian Fragment (170)
         Milan khua ih Ambrosian Library ah kum 1740 ah an sar suak mi ca tlep fate asi. Thuthlungthar cabu pawl lakah ziangziang pawl kha Pathian thutak tiah kawhhran zumtu pawlin an rak pom ti asim fiang. Rome kawhhran pawlin Thuthianghlim ti ah an rak pommi cabu pawl thu a sim fiang lawng hman si loin cabu pakhat cio thu maltete a sim tel mi a um. Thuthlungthar Pathian thu tiah an rak pom  asi tiah a sim mi lakah tulai protestnat kawhhran in kan hmanmi Thuthlungthar cabu hmuahhmuah, Hebru, James, le I & II Peter siar lo a tel thluh.
2.      Irenaeus (140-203)
            Irenaeus hi Asia ramah Polycarp ih zirhnak hnuaiah a rak tthanglian mi asi. Orthodox zirhnak humhimtu a siih Gnosticism zirhsualnak pawl rak dodaltu asi. Rome khua ah rei lo te a um  hnu ah Gaul khu  ah bishop a rak ttuan. A ca ngan mi ah Thuthlungthar lak ihsin (Philimon, Hebrew, II Peter, III John le Jude siar lo) Pathian thutak vekin a hmannak kan hmu thei. Metzger in a sim dan vekin, Irenaeus cun Thuthlungthar pawl kha Thuthlunghlun vekin Pathian thawkkhummi thutak vekin a rak hmang. Harrison in a sim bet mi cu “Irenaeus khan Thuthlungthar cabu hrekkhat sung ihsin hnawn mi a neih thu kan thei lo”.
3.      Tertullian ( 150-223 AD)
             Tertullian hi Carthage khua ah a rak um ih Pathian thu le dan thiam sangfilawr (lawyer & scholar) a rak si. Latin tongin ca a rak ngan ih a ca ngan mi pawl hi hmantlak zet an si. Amai ca ngannak ihsin Thuthlungthar hi "New Testement" “Thuthlungthar” tiah an rak kawh thawk nak asi. NT (Thlungthar) sung ihsin James, II Peter, II & III John cabu pawl siar lo cu Pathian thawkkhummi thutak vekin a rak hmang thluh hai.
4.      Clement of Alexendria ( 155-215 AD)
             Clement hi Alexandria kawhhran le sakhua zirh awknak tlawng pawlah hotu a rak si. A hnattuannakah Thuthlungthar ihsin Philimon, James, II Peter, II le III John siar lo cu Pathian thuthianghlim vekin a rak hmang hai.
5.      Origen ( 185-254 AD)
                 Origen hi Alexendria khua ah a rak ceng bikih khualtlawng mi a rak si. Rome, Antioch, Ephesus, Athens le Arabia khua pawl hi a khual tlawnnak bik a rak si. Caaesarea le Palestone ram pawl khalah a rak ceng dah. Thuthlungthar pawl kha Thuthlunghlun dunglamah a rak ret hai ih Thuthlungthar cabu pawl thu el buai awk lai mi pawl kha a hranten a rak ret hai. Kawhhran zumtu pawl kha Mediterenian ram tthenah a rak tthen awk vekin Thuthlungthar ngan mi pawl kha kawhhran pakhat le pakhat kar lakah an hmandan le an neih mi cio a rak bang aw lo kha zianghman ruahhar ding a um lo. Origen in Tuthlungthlungthar cabu pawl mi zapi in Pathian thawkkhummi tiah an rak pommi pawl kha hmunkhat te ah a rak ret hai ih a dang thu sut awk buai mi (a ngan tu zo asi tile Pathian thawkkhummi asi maw silo tiah an el awk buai mi cabu) pawl kha a hran ten a rak ret khawm.
               Zianghman buainak um loin mi zapi in an pommi pawl cu Thuthangttha buli le Dungthluntu, Paul cakuat pawl, I Peter, I John, le Thupuan an rak si. Hebru hi Alaxendria mi pawl cun Paul ih ngan mi asi tiah an ti. A sung um thu pawl cu Paul ih ruahnak le Pathian thuken pawl thawn a bang aw ko nan a tongkam hmandan ah Paul ih tongkam hmandan asilo. Cuitlunah khuihmanah Paul ih ngan mi asi tiah a simnak kan hmu lo. Curuangah kawhhran hrekkhat pawl cun an Pathian thawkkhummi thutak asi tiah an pom loih Oregin khalain a buai mi lakah a rak ret. A ngan tu taktak cu "Pathian lawngin a thei" tiah a rak ti. Origen in miin an buaipi mi le a fianglo mi ah a ret mi cabu pawl cu II Peter, II & III John, James le Jude cabu pawl an si.


c.       Thuthianghlim cu zapi pommi Pathian thawkkhummi asi tiah an rak  nemhngetnak can ( 303-400 AD)
           Himi kum zabi pakhat sung ahhin kawhhran pawlin khuimi le ziang cabu pawl kha Pathian Thuthianghlim le Pathian thawkkhummi an si tiah an zohhliah ih fiangfaiten an theih mi pawl kha Pathian thuthianghlim asi tiah an rak nemhnget bet.  Cuticun Dungthluntu pawlin an rak ngan ta mi pathian thawkkhummi Thuthjlungthar cu an nemhnget ih kawhhran tiin Pathian thutak zumnak le sakhua biaknak lam hruai tu ah hman a si.
1.      Eusebus (265-340 AD)
             Eusebus hi Palestine ram, Caesarea ih bishop pakhat a rak siih kawhhran thuanthu theitu pakhat a rak si. Eusebius in Zesu  Khrih san lai ihsin Constantine (313 AD) san tiang khristian pawl cangvaihdan a hailangih thuanthu a rak buatsaih. Dioletian in AD.303 ah  Thuthianghlim bu pawl a rak ur thluh ih khristian pawl a rak hrem lai fangah a rak nungih Eusebus ih hnattuan suak mi kawhhran thuanthu bu (Ecclesiastical History) hi a thupi zet ih thuanthu bu dangah kan hmuh thei lo mi kawhhran thuanthu pawl tampi himi cabu sungah kan hmu thei.
              Eusebus in khristian Baibal thuanthu pawl fiangzetin a nganih Pathian thutak tiah ziangzat pommi an siih zo ih nganmi pawl an si ti khal fiangzetin a rak tarlang.
      Oregin vek thotho in Thuthlungthar hi tthenhnih ah a tthen ih a rak buatsaih. Zianghman sawiselnak um loin zo khalin Pathian thawkkhummi Pathian thutak asi tiah an pommi cabu pawl kha hmuhkhat te ah a rak ret hai. Mi zapi pommi lakah ( James, II Peter, II & III John, Jude, le Thupuan siar lo) tui kan hmanmi Thuthlungthar bu pawl hi an tel thluh.
    Empiror (lal) Constantine (AD. 332) in ram a uk laiah Khristian sakhuanak kha tha a rak pek tikah Constantinople khua ah Eusebus hnenah Baibal bu 50 tuah dingin a rak fial. Cule Eusebus in Thuthlunghlun pawl le tui kan hmanmi Thuthlungthar bu 27 pawl telh in a rak tuah sak.
2.      Codex Sanaiticus (340 AD)
         Codex Sanaiticus caphek hi Sinai tlang hnuai ih um St. Catherine, Greek Ordthodxo pawl tlawng inn ah an sar mi asi. Kum zabi pali le a hrek tluk rei ihta an sarsuaksal mi a siih Baibal thuanthu hawlsuaknak ah a thu pi zet. Himi caphek sungah tui protestant pawlin kan hmanni Thuthlungtha bu 27 pawl le Barnabas ih cakuat le Shepherd of Herman timi pawl an tel.
3.      Athanasius (298-373)
                  Athanasius hi Alexandria khua bishop a rak siih "Canonical" "tehfung" timi hmangin tui kan hman mi Thuthlungthar bu 27 kawmmi Thuthlungthar bu rak tawlrel hmaisa biktu asi tiah zum asi. Bruce in a sim dan cun Athanasius hi tui kan Thuthlungthar ih hman hman mi bu 27 pawl hi zianghman thleidang lole rinhlelhnak um loin Pathian thawkkhummi Thuthianghlim vekin a rak hmang hamisa biktu a si.
4.      Jerome (AD.340-420)
            Jerome hi khristian thuthiam sangfilawr (scholar) pakhat a rak siih hmun dangdangah khual tlawng. Rome khua ih bishop Damascus in a dilnak vekin Vulgate tiah an kawhmi Latin ttongin Thuthianghlim a rak tawlrel. Vulgate Baibal sungah tui kan hman mi Thuthlungthar bu 27 pawl an tel.
5.      Council of Carthage (397) and Hippo (419)-(Carthege le Hippo khua ih kawhhran tawn khawm awknak)
      Khristrian palai pawl hmun hranhran ihsin an tawng aw khawm ih an thurel cat mi pawl kha thusuah tuah tahratin an tlangzarh.
     Kawhhran tehfungin Pathian thutak asi tiah a pommi siarlo kawhhran sungah Pathian thu vekin zo hman in ziangthu hman siar lo ding. Tehfungin a pommi pawl cu a hnuailam Thuthianghlim bu pawl an si. Thuthlungthar ah: Thuthangttha buli, A dungthluntu pawl tuahnak bukhat, Paul cakuat (bu 13), Hebru pawl hnen cakuat (bu 1), Peter cakuat (bu 2), John cakuat (bu 3), Jude cakuat (bu 1), le John Thupuan (bu 1) pawl an si.
    Cuticun, kawhhran tawn khawm awknak ah kawhhran palai pawlin khuimi pawl Pathian thawkkhum mi Thuthianghlim asi ti an hliakhlai ih kawhhran tehfuang thawn an tuah famkim zo ruangah kawhhran zumtu pawlin ziang cabu pawl kha Pathian biaknakah hman dingmi Thuthianghlim asi tiah an buai nawn lo. Kawhhran tawn khawm awknakin Thuthianghlim an tuah si loin Thlarau Thianghlim kaihhruainakin ziang cabu pawl kha Pathian thawkkhum mi Thuthianghlim an siin kawhhran tiin an rak hmang ti kha an zoh khawm hnu ah Pathian Thlarau theihternak vekin Pathain in zumtu pawl hnenah a pekmi Thuthianghlim pawl kha an finkhawm ih zumtu pawl kaihruaitu thuthianghlim vekin kenkawh le finkhawm asi.

 

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