C.APOCRAPHA THUANTHU

          Hlanlai Baibal nganmi hmuhsuak mi vekin (II Esdras siar lo) Apocrapha cabu pawl cu Septuagint Baibal ahcun an rak telh thluh. Thuthlunghlun lakah an telh. Esdras kha Ezara le Nehemiah hlan ah a umih, Esther hnu ah Judith le Tobit, Addition to Esther le Daniel cu bukhat vekin a lang. The Wisdom of Solomon le Ecclesiasticus kha Job cabu thawn an kawp aw. Baruch cu Jeremiah cabu hnu ah ret a si. Maccabees kha kamsang pawl ca ngan mi hnu lamah, cun The Prayer of Manasseh kha Septuagint belhbawmtu vekin ngan mi a rak si.

       Ciangzetin kan thei thei mi cu Apocrapha cabu pawl hi khui mi pawl pommi an ti ti a um lo ih, khristian pawlin Baibal kha scroll (cazial) ihsin cabu veklah an rak tuah tikah Apocrapha pawl cu an Pathian thuthianghlim  dunglam ah a hranten an rak ret khawm.

       Cuticun Khristian ca ngan tu pawlin Thuthianghlim tiah Hebrew pawin an pommi belhbawmtu ah Apocrapha pawl kha cabu dunglamah an telh. Cuticun ca ngan tu pawl cun Pathian thu vekin an rak ret loih Pathian thu theihfiang thei nak dingah siseh thuanthu belhbawmtu vekin an rak ret sawn mi a si. Asinan Jews pawl thuanthu le Apocrapha cabu thuanthu  thei ngaingai lo tu Gentel khristian pawl an tam vivo tikah Baibal cabu sungah an ngan tel mi hmuahhmuah cu Pathian thuthianghlim vekin a run bawm. Septuagint cu Greek tongin ngan mi a siiih khristian hmaisa pawl cun a tlangpi thu in an rak hmanmi a siih a sung um thu hmuahhmuah cu pathian thuthianghlim vekin an rak pom.

         Cuticun, Jews tuanthu ziang thei hrawthrai lo Greek le Latin khristian zumtu, Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Cyprian pawlin Apocrapha cabu pawl kha an siar tikah Hebrew Baibal dang pawl thawn danglamnak nei loinn an ruatih Pathian Thuthianghlim tlukin an rak upatih an rak hmang. Asinan Jews thuanthu a thei tu malte (Origin le Jerome) cun Jews pawlin ziang cabu pawl kha Pathian Thuthianghlim tiah an pom timi an zir ih an ziangzawi. Curuangah Khristian pawl lakah Apocrapha pawl hi khui tawk hmun vekah ziangvekin kan ret ding ti thu reipi an buaipi. Augsutine in Apocrapha hrekhat pawl kha Thuthianghlim lakah a retih Oathian thu vekin a hamng, Cule Augustine ih thu zawm ve tu Hippo ih kawhhran tawn awknak (church council) 39 AD cun an pom ve ih Carhtage ih kawhhran tawn khawm awknak (church council) khala cui thu cu an pu lut sal ih an pom ve (AD 397).

            Cuti a si laiah, Pathian thuthiam sangfilawr (scholar) pakhat, Jerome (AD 340-420) cun latin Vulgate Baibal a leh tikah Apocrapha pawl kha Pathian Thuthianghlim ah a pom hai lo. Jerome cun Apocrapha cabu pawl kha khristian pawl hrang ahcun siar ttha cu an sinan Pathian thu zirh awknak tlak an si lo a ti. Curuangah Apocrapoha cabu pawl cu Thuthianghlim ah pom ding a duh loih Augustine awl thawn an rak awl aw rero. Cule Latin ttongih leh ding hman a duh lo nan a leh hnu ah ziangti lam in simaw Latin ttongin a run let leh thotho. Judith le Tobit kha bishop in a nawr nak ruangah hmanhmawh zatin a rak let nan pathian thuthianghlim pawl lak ihsin a danglamnak a lailang ringring. Asinan kimziangmawzat a rung rei hn u ah Latin khristian pawlin Apocrapha dang pawl kha Latin Baibal sungah an run telh hai.

         Cuticun kaw hhran dinsalnak ( reformation) lai ahkhan Protestant hotu pawlin Pomcia mi Hebrew Thuthianghlim le Apocrapha pawl kha an thlei dangih Pathian thu vekin an pom duh lo. Asinan kum 1546, Trent khua ah kawhhran tawn khawm awknak (church council) an tuah tikah Roman Catholic hruaitu pawlin (The Prayer of manasseh, I le II Esdras siar lo) Apocrapha cabu pawl kha Thuthlunghlun Pathian Thuthianghlima si tiah an puangih  cui Apocrapha cabu le a sungthu pawl a pom lo tu pawl cu unsedawng (anathema) an si tiah an ti.

         Asinan Baibal lettu pawlin Apocrapha cabu pawl cu thuthlunghlun san laiih Hebrew pawl pom cia mi Thuthianghlim sungah an pom lo ih a hran ten an ret hai. Luther in German ttongin a lehmi Baibal ahcun Apocrapha cabu pawl cu malakhi dunglamah a hranten a ret hai (AD 1534 ah a let ttheh). Cun mirang Baibal (Coverdale Baibal, Geneva Baibal le King James Baibal) pawlin Apocrapha cabu pawl ciu an lakkhawmih Baibal sungthu belthbawmtu ah an ret.

        Cun Puritan (Mirang ramih zumtu tthenkhat ) pawlin an rak buaipi ih Baibal ca thianghlim a si tiah pom zo mi siar lo, ziang hman Baibal cabu sungah ret tel lo ding a si tan ti. Cuticun Pathian thawkkhum a si  lo an ti mi Apocrapha cabu pawl cu Pathian Thuthlianghlim cabu sungah telh nawn lo dingin an nawrih Baibal an suahsal mi pawl ahcun Apocrapha cabu pawl kha Baibal sungah an ret tel nawn lo. Apocrapha cabu pawl telh loin mirang Baibal suah hmaisa bik mi pakhat cu AD. 1599 ah a suak mi Geneva Baibal a si.

 

A.     APOCRAPA CABU PAWL AN HNAWNNAK THU

Tuihlan zumtu le kawhhran hruaitu pawlin Apocrapha cabu pawl hi Pathian thawkkhummi thuthianghlim an si lotiah an rak hnawnnak thu malten zoh hnik uhsi.

1.      Kamsang pawl ngan mi an si lo.

a.       Khui tawk hmanah Apocrapha cabu pawl hi kamsang pawlih nganmi an si tinak hmuh ding a um loih curuangah kamsang pawl nganmi an si ti theinak kan nei lo.

b.      Thuhtlunghlun bu neta tabik Malakhi hnu lamah Jews kamsang pawl rawngbawlnak kha a tawp in a langih Pathian kamsang rawngbawl tu pawl hmin theih ding an um lo. A hnuai lam thu pawl hi zo hnik.

1.      Malakhi in a sim dan cun amai dunghnu ah Pathian kamsang a ra ding mi cu lalpai lamzin sialtu ding a si (Mal. 3:1; 4:5-6)

2.      Apocrapha cabu sunglala ah Malakhi hnu lamah Pathian kamsang an um nawn lo thu simmi kan hmu thei ( I Macc. 4:46; NEB; I Macc. 9:27;cf. 14:41, RSV). Mipi pawlin a ra thleng dingmi kamsang an hngahnak thu le Isreal ramah Pathian kamsang an um nawn lo hnu ah harsatnak maksak a thlen thu pawl an sim.

3.      Quram ih cazual pakhat (BC) in a sim dan vek a si le mipi pawlin kamsang an hngahnak thu kan hmu.

4.      Jews pawl sakhua thu ngannak Babylonian Talmud sung khalah Kamsang Haggai, Zechariah le Malakhi hnu ah PathianThlarau Thianghlim in Isreal miphun pawl a suah san ti thu khal kan hmu.  Curuangah, Malakhi san ihsin ti-hnimtu John san tiang Isreal pawl hnenah Pathian kamsang rawngbawlnak a rak um lo tinak a si.

5.      Kum zabi AD pakhatnak ih Jews thuanthu thiam Josephus in a simmi cu, kamsang pawlin Moses san ihsin Artaxerxes tiang thu kimcang zetin an rak ngan. Cun htin a sim bet, "Artaxerxes hnu lam khalah ngan mi cu a um nan kamsang an um nawn lo ruangah zianghman hmatlak le rintlak an si lo" a ti.

2.      Apocrapha sungum thuanthu pawl kha Pathian Thuthianghlim vekin a thawk ah a rak dawngdawng tu mibur an rak um lo.

a.       Hebrew pawl Baoibal ah Apocrapha cabu pawl hi an telh dah lo. Hebrew pawl Thuthlunghlun Baibal ahcun tui kan hman mi bu 39 pawl lawng hi an rak hman mi a si.

b.      Philio, Alexendria ih Jews mifim pa le Pathian thu thiam in Thuthlunghlun kha a sim tikah Apocrapha pawl hi Pathian thu vekin zaingtik hmanah a sim dah lo.

c.       Jews thuanthu thuiam Josephus kha (AD.30-100) Apocrapha pawl hi a rak hnawngih Thuthianghlim lak khalah a telh dah lo.

A hnuailam ih an simnak vekin Thuthlunghlun kha Artexerxes san laiah an rak pom hnget zoih cu mi hnu ih ngan mi pawl cu Thuthlunghlim tiah an pommi cabu pakhat hman hmuh ding a um lo.

Hitin a rak sim, "Kalh aw buai dingin cabu 1000 siar lai kan nei loih Pathian thuthianghlim  tiah kan pommi bu 22 lawng a si. Cumi lakah a hmaisa cu Moses daan pawl an siih Sersiam thawk ihsin Moses thih tiang kim 3000 thluk rei sungthu bu-nga sungah ngan mi a si. Cun Moses thih hnu ihsin Persia lal, Artexerxes san tiang kamsang pawlin bu 13 an ngan. Cun a dang buli pawl cu pathian thangthatnak hla le nun simnak awknak pawl tla an si. Artexerxes san ihsin kan san tiang thu nganmi cu an um nan pathian kamsang an um nawn lo ruanga a hlan ih nganmi  vekin man an nei lo. Aisnan, ca thianghlim parah fal zetin an rak kilkhawinak cu kanmai sanah tuahmi a si. Zohmanin an bet loih zohman in an la kawi fawn lo. Cuticun Jews pohpoh cun an suah thlak ihsin Pathian thupek an pom ih an thlun, tul sehla cu Pathian Thuthianghlim ruangah cun thih hman an hreh lo ding".

d.      Jamia khau ih Jews mifim filawr (scholar) pawlin Apocrapha cabu pawl kha Thuthianghlim vekin an pom lo.

e.       Sard khua ih bishop Melito (AD. 170) kha Hebrew Baibal ah ziang cabu pawl an tel ti zohfel dingah Judea ah a feh ih (Esther telh loin) Thuthlunghlun pawl cu kimcang zetin a rak telh thluh. Cutikah Apocrapha cabu pawl cu thuthianghlim cabu lakah a rak telh lo.

f.        Augustine (AD. 354-430) khalin Apocrapha cabu pawl kha a pom nan Jews pawlin thuthianghlimah an rak pom lo a si ti a thei. Hitin a sim, "(Biak in pi (Temple) an saksal hnu lam thu hi Thuthianghlim tiah Jews pawlin an pom lo. Asinan, Jews pawlin Thuthianghlim tiah an pom lomi, Khristian pawlin an pommi Apocrapha cabu sungah Jews pawl harsatnak thu pawl kan hmu thei."

g.       Apocrapha cabu pawl Thuthianghlim sungah an siar telnak cu kum zabi 4 AD hrawng ihsin  asi. Greek tongih lehmi Hebrew Baibal, Septuagint ( BC 250 -150 hrawngih lehmi), Alexendria ih Jews mifim pa in a leh mi kha  AD zabi pali hrawngah khristian pawlin Pathian Thutak vekin an run hmangsal. Asinan Jews pawl cun  an sakhua nak lam hruai tu Pathian thutak vekin an hmang lo. Bruce in hitin a sim, "Apocrapha hi Palestine Jews (Isreal rammi) pawlin an pom loih Alexendria Jews pawlin Pathjianthu vekin an pom a si ti ah an sim ttheu. Asinan, hihi a dik lo. Apocrapha cabu pawl hi Isreal ram sung ah maw ramleng ah maw Isreal pawl in Pathian Thu Thianghlimah an rak pom dah loih an hmang dah fawn lo. Cuti si loin, Greek tong hmang khristian pawlin Alexendria ih ummi an unau Jews pawl in an rak hmang zo si hmang an ti ih Apocrapha cabu pawl cu Pathian thutak vekin an rak pom venak a si."

Cuitlunah Greek tong Baibal pawl  khalin khuimi cabu pawl kha pom tlakmi Apocrapha an si ti an sim dah cuang

lo. (Trent khua ih kawhhran pum khawm awknak khalah) Judith, Tobit, Wisdom of Solomon, le Ecclesiasticus cabu pawl lawng an rak neih mi a si.

 

h.       Hlanlai ih kawhhran pumkhawmnak (Hippo khua ah 393 le Carthage khua ah 397) ah hotu hrekhat pawl cun Apocrapha cabu pawl cu an rak pom cia vek a bang nan Roman Catholic kawhhran pawlin an zung ihsin Apocrapha pom dingah thusuah an rak suahnak cu kum 1000 rei hnu, April 8, 1546, Trent khua ih kawhhran tawn khawm awknak a voihnihnak an rak neih hnu lawngin  a si. AN thusuah tawite cu a hnuai lam vekin a si:

"Catholic kawhhran in kan po zo vekin, Apocrapha cabu pawl a pom lo tu an um a si ahcun,….anse dawngin umseh".

   Tulaisan ih Roman Catholic Pathian thu thiamsang pawl cun Apocrapha cabu pawl cu "Pomnawn salmi" (Deuterocanonical) tiah an ti. Ziangah tile a tawkah an rak pom lo nan lehhnu ah an pom sal mi a si ruangah a si.

 

3.      Apocrapha sungthu um pawl hin Pathian thutak vekin thuneihnak le ham a nei lo.

a.       A sung thu um pawl lakah, thuanthu, ramthu, le sansiardan thuanthu pawl thawn a kah aw mi a um.

b.      Tualte vanglai le thuanthu lenglawng pawl an si.

c.       Thuthianghlim sungih thutak pawl thawn a kalh aw mi a tel. Thutthimnakah, mithi hrang thlacamnak (II Macc.12:41-45; CF. 16:25-26; Heb. 9:27).

d.      Thutak vekin thuneihnak a nei lo

i.         Apocrapha cabu pawl hi Pathian thawkkhmm an sinak hmuihmanah hmuh ding a um lo. Thuthianghlim pawl an ngan lai ah kamsang pawl an um lo ti ah dokalhnak khui hmanah kan hmu lo. Asinan Apocrapha cabu pawl an ngan lai ahcun Pathiankamsang an rak um lo a soi ti thu kan hmu thei.

ii. Thuthlungthar ngan tu Khrih dungthlun pawlin Thuthlunghlun sungta tongkam hmanmi an nei nan Apocrapha cabu sungta tongkam Pathian thu vekin hmanmi an nei dah lo. A dungthluntu pawlin Septuagint sungta an hmang nan Apocrapha cu an hmang cuang lo.

iii. Kawhhran thawh pekte ah hruaitu tampi thinlung ah Apocrapha hi Pathian thawkkhummi vekih hmang dingah rin helhnak an rak nei. Zirhnak (doctrine) si loin tha pek awknak ttha fang a si tiah an ti.